| Frozen USDC. Circle can freeze an address, including the escrow. | Everyone holding USDC | A freeze is reversible. withdraw and depositor_release are never blocked by Pesa. |
| Release to a frozen taker fails. | Depositor and taker | The order stays open. After settle_by, expire_intent returns the USDC to the depositor, and the fiat side is settled off-chain. |
| Payment reversal. Some providers allow chargebacks after release. | Depositor | Buy proofs accept only balance-funded Wise-to-Wise transfers. Orders are capped at $20. |
| Bank payout bounces. On a sell, a bank payout can be reported as sent and later returned. | User selling | The LP’s proof shows the payout was completed by Wise. The $20 cap bounds the loss. |
| Griefing. A taker opens orders and never pays. | Depositor | The lock lasts until settle_by only. Per-address quotas apply to retail takers. |
| Enclave compromise. | Everyone | Two capture enclaves on two clouds must both fail. Chips, images and keys are pinned in the trust bundle and revocable. Losses are bounded by the order cap. |
| Funds sent to an unsponsored chain. | Users of deposit addresses | The app warns before showing the address. Recovery needs the user’s own signer. |
| Bridge and messaging delays. | Users moving funds | Pesa never burns or sends twice. A late burn still completes. |
| DEX price on USDT0 swaps. | USDT users | Swaps use a fresh quote and a minimum output. If the price moves, the user approves a new quote or keeps USDT0. |